In the United States, utilization of long-acting injectables is relatively low (< 15%) and generally initiated more than ten years after diagnosis. Oral antipsychotic (OAP) nonadherence is common and leads to relapse and hospitalization. Paliperidone palmitate (PP) has demonstrated delayed time to treatment failure in adults with schizophrenia compared with OAP. This analysis evaluates PP versus OAP effects in risk of, and delaying time to, treatment failure from two studies: recent-onset schizophrenia and history of incarceration.