Chronicling the intersection of incarceration and health outcomes, this systematic review covers a range of topics, including childhood adversity, mortality of youth offenders, psychological distress in incarcerated juveniles, credible messenger mentoring, and quasi-experimental studies on Dutch Cell Dogs. It analyzes various programs' effectiveness and impact on mental health outcomes, and explores the pathways linking family stress to delinquency, motivation to change, and long-term health outcomes post-childhood incarceration.